XIII Ministerial Conference, Cartagena, 8 - 9 April 2000MOVEMENT OF THE 
NON-ALIGNED COUNTRIES
XIII Ministerial Conference 
Cartagena, 8 and 9 April, 2000
FINAL DOCUMENT
INTRODUCTION
1. We, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Movement of Non-Aligned 
Countries, met in Cartagena, Colombia from 8 to 9 April 2000, to review the 
developments and implementation of decisions of the Durban Summit, to make 
preparations for the next Summit, and to discuss matters of urgency. 
2. We express our warm appreciation for the Report of the Chairman on the 
activities of the Movement since the XII Summit Conference of Heads of State or 
Government held in Durban in August and September 1998, which contributed to the 
strengthening and the promotion of the unity and solidarity among the members of 
the Movement. 
3. We welcome the Dominican Republic as a Member of the Movement as endorsed at 
the meeting of Ministers for Foreign Affairs and Heads of Delegation at the 54 
Session of the UN General Assembly held in New York, 23 September 1999. 
CHAPTER I GLOBAL ISSUES
The international context since the Durban Summit
4. The evolution of the international situation since the Durban Summit 
indicates that there are many opportunities, challenges and problems facing the 
Movement at the beginning of the new century. We recall the position of our 
Heads of State or Government expressed at Durban on the review of the 
international situation. 
5. We emphasise that even when the spectre of a nuclear holocaust seems more 
remote than in the recent past and several countries resolved to reduce their 
military budgets in order to devote such resources to meet the social and 
economic development requirements of their people, great powers continue to 
endanger the future of humankind through the unjustified stockpiling and 
development of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction and a 
rampant traffic in armaments continues to put in jeopardy the security and 
stability of vast regions of the world. 
6. The world today is still far from being a peaceful, just and secure place. 
Simmering disputes, violent conflicts, aggression and foreign occupation, 
interference in the internal affairs of States, policies of hegemony and 
domination, ethnic strife, religious intolerance, xenophobia, new forms of 
racism and narrowly conceived nationalism are, inter alia, major and dangerous 
obstacles to harmonious coexistence among States and peoples and have even led 
to the disintegration of States and societies. 
7. Cold War era legacies such as foreign occupation, foreign military bases, the 
use or threat of use of force, pressure, interference in internal affairs and 
sanctions inconsistent with international law, still constitute a main 
disturbing factor to establishing fair and equitable international relations 
conforming with the strong desire of the overwhelming majority of governments 
and peoples and we emphasise the need to continue to consolidate our efforts for 
the removal of such legacies. 
8. The global economy continues to be characterised by rapid growth in flows of 
trade, finance, information and technology, which has led to increased 
interdependence among countries. Countries interact with the global economy from 
vastly different levels of development and, hence, the impact of globalisation 
and liberalisation has been highly uneven. While the current trend was expected 
to lead to increasing economic opportunity for some developing economies, it is 
evident that a large number of Member Countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, 
particularly in Africa, continue to be marginalised and are thus made unable to 
share the benefits, if any, of these processes. Most developing countries 
continue to confront problems of access to markets, capital and technology, and 
many grapple with the institutional transformation necessary for meaningful 
integration into the world economy. 
9. We underline the fact that the gap between the developed and developing 
countries, specially the LDCs, continues to widen, and we reiterate that the 
problems deriving from poverty and social injustices, far from being overcome, 
have been significantly aggravated. We note further that economic 
underdevelopment, poverty and social injustice constitute a source of 
frustration and a cause of new conflicts, and that stability, security, 
democracy and peace cannot be consolidated without rectifying the growing 
international inequalities. 
10. We reaffirm that all nations have the inalienable right to freely establish 
their own political and economic systems and take measures to safeguard their 
security on the basis of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the 
United Nations, including respect for the principles of national sovereignty, 
territorial integrity, self-determination and non-interference in the internal 
affairs of others. 
11. We wish to reiterate, however, that it is of paramount importance that the 
new opportunities, challenges and problems be addressed by following strictly 
the United Nations Charter. In this context, we wish to reaffirm the principles 
of the Non-Aligned Movement as well as the principles and purposes of the United 
Nations Charter. We also want to reiterate our firm condemnation of all 
unilateral military actions including those made without proper authorisation 
from the United Nations Security Council or threats of military action against 
the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of the members of the 
Movement which constitute acts of aggression and blatant violations of the 
principle of non-intervention and non-interference. 
12. We welcome the decision of the OAU Summit in Algiers in July 1999 calling 
for the restoration, before the next OAU Summit, of constitutional legality in 
States whose governments had come to power through unconstitutional means. We 
strongly recommend that this issue be considered by the Movement at the next 
Summit. 
The Role of the Non-Aligned Movement 
13. We emphasise the fact that in order for the Movement to enhance its role at 
the international level, it must continue to work on expanding and reinforcing 
its ability and capacity for initiative, representation and negotiation, as well 
as its ethical, political and moral strength as the principal forum representing 
the interests and aspirations of the developing world. In this regard, we 
reaffirm that full respect for the founding principles of the Movement in 
Bandung (1955) and the principles set forth in the United Nations Charter are 
our irrevocable political and moral commitment. The role of the Movement in the 
attainment of its objectives hinges upon the solidarity of its members, its 
unity and cohesion, founded on a culture of peace, development and co-operation. 
All forms of co-operation among NAM Members shall be further encouraged and 
enhanced. 
14. We reiterate the Non-Aligned Countries' commitment to respect scrupulously 
the principles and objectives of non-alignment as well as its positions 
submitted in the UN on behalf of the NAM, and express our determination to make 
every effort to further strengthen the Non-Aligned Movement’s capacity for 
action and to develop concrete modalities to enhance the influence and impact of 
its decisions on world affairs, as adopted by our Heads of State or Government 
in the XII Summit. We reiterate our firm condemnation of the aggression, racism, 
the use of force, terrorism, foreign occupation, foreign military bases, and 
interference in internal affairs, unilateral coercive measures, unfair economic 
practices and xenophobia. In this context, we reaffirm our commitment to take up 
the challenge to fundamentally transform international relations in order to 
achieve a world of peace, security, justice and dignity for all. 
15. We reiterate the need to enhance the role of the Non-Aligned Movement in the 
light of changes in the international situation, so that the Movement as 
spokesman for the interests and aspirations of the Non-Aligned and other 
developing countries, will be able to respond effectively and expeditiously to 
the challenges raised in the new millennium, on the basis of common positions 
agreed by Members. The Movement has to achieve maximum utilisation of all its 
mechanisms, the Co-ordinating Bureau, NAM Working Groups, Standing Committees, 
Ad Hoc Committees, the convening of NAM meetings in relevant international fora 
and the JCC. We also reaffirm the ongoing task of the Ministerial Committee on 
Methodology. 
16. We reiterate the need for the Movement to enhance its participation, unity 
and cohesion and to co-ordinate the positions of members towards major 
international issues, with the view to strengthen our negotiating leverage 
vis-à-vis developed countries. 
17. In accordance with the decision of the Durban Summit, the Ministers adopted 
the Plan of Action formulated on the basis of the decisions taken by XII Summit. 

North-South Dialogue 
18. We hope that this new millennium will bring the opportunity to conduct a 
North-South dialogue based on the mutuality of interest and benefits, shared 
responsibilities and genuine interdependence. We appreciate the tasks performed 
by the NAM Troika of Foreign Ministers to enhance the role of the Movement and 
promote dialogue with the developed countries and we encourage them to continue, 
particularly with the view to the next Summit of the G8 in Okinawa, Japan, in 
July 2000. In this regard, we emphasise the importance of the participation of 
all members of the Movement through the NAM Co-ordinating Bureau, in shaping the 
agenda of these meetings as well as the timely reporting of the outcome of the 
meetings to the Co-ordinating Bureau.
19. We are confident that discussions and decisions to be taken at the South 
Summit, to be held from 10 to 14 April 2000 in Havana, Cuba, will constitute an 
important contribution to the enhancement of North-South relations and to the 
development aims of the developing countries. 
20. We decide to take urgent steps to develop a proposal, including practical 
steps to devise a precise economic agenda for the South, in consultation, inter 
alia, through the COB in New York, and with Members of the Ad Hoc Panel of 
Economists and for its presentation to the Standing Ministerial Committee on 
Economic Co-operation, which should be held soon. 
Dialogue among Civilisations
21. We recall the position at the XII Durban Summit with regard to the dialogue 
among civilisations, initiated by President Mohammad Khatami of the Islamic 
Republic of Iran and recommit ourselves to promoting this concept, through 
planning and the implementation of appropriate cultural, educational and social 
programmes. We believe that the Dialogue among Civilisations should be a durable 
process, and support the strengthening and institutionalising of these processes 
at regional and international levels. We welcome UNGA resolutions (53/22 & 
54/113) and call upon all Member States to co-operate with the personal 
representative of the UN Secretary-General and to contribute to the special 
programmes in the year 2001 designated by the General Assembly as the United 
Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilisations, and to arrange at the national 
level demonstrations during that year. 
Strengthening, Restructuring, Revitalising and Democratising the United Nations
22. We uphold the NAM position on the vital role of the UN in the maintenance of 
international peace and security and the strengthening of international 
co-operation, in line with the principles of the UN Charter and the equal 
sovereignty of its Members. In this context, we recall the decisions and 
directives of the XII Summit with respect to the various reform proposals 
presented by the Secretary-General as outlined in his Report entitled "Renewing 
the United Nations: A Program of Reform". 
23. We underscore the need to preserve and promote the principles and purposes 
of the UN Charter and General Assembly mandates together with the need to keep 
under close intergovernmental oversight and review all proposals which are still 
to be implemented as well as a continuous assessment of those which are being 
implemented. 
24. Ultimately, the success of the reform of the UN can only be judged in terms 
of the real improvements in its functioning and the positive impact it has on 
the lives of the peoples of the developing countries. We stress that any further 
efforts regarding UN reforms should focus on strengthening the role of the 
Organisation in promoting international co-operation for development. In this 
regard, we welcome the establishment of the development account in accordance 
with GA resolution 54/15 and underscore the constructive role of developing 
countries during the negotiations. We, however, regret that the impact of UN 
reforms on the development of developing countries is yet to be felt, with a 
continuous decline in the resources made available to the UN for multilateral 
development co-operation. 
25. We welcome all decisions which have been adopted and which are aimed at 
strengthening and revitalising the role of the General Assembly, as the highest 
deliberative and decision-making organ of the United Nations in which all Member 
States equally participate, especially those related to the consideration by the 
General Assembly of the reports of other main organs, in particular the report 
of the Security Council and the report of the Secretary-General on the work of 
the Organisation. We emphasise the importance of ensuring that the role of the 
Security Council conforms to its mandate as defined in the United Nations 
Charter, so that there is no encroachment on the jurisdiction and the 
prerogatives of the General Assembly and its subsidiary bodies. 
26. We underscore the intergovernmental character of the General Assembly and 
its subsidiary bodies. Efforts to strengthen the contribution of NGOs to the 
work of the UN and its bodies should be undertaken through the consultative 
arrangements of ECOSOC. 
27. Discussions in the Open-Ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable 
Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council, and 
other matters related to the Security Council, have shown that while a 
convergence of views has emerged on a number of issues, important differences 
still exist on many others. We call on our Permanent Representatives in New York 
to continue, in the ensuing negotiations in the Open-Ended Working Group, to 
pursue directives which were adopted during the Durban Summit, as outlined in 
paragraphs 65 to 74 of the Final Document, and contained in the Movement's 
position papers adopted on 13 February 1995, 20 May 1996, the NAM negotiating 
paper dated 11 March 1997, the decisions of the Cartagena Summit, the Twelfth 
Ministerial Conference in New Delhi, 7-8 April 1997, the Ministerial Meeting in 
New York, on 25 September 1997, the Meeting of the Co-ordinating Bureau in 
Cartagena, 19-20 May 1998, and the Ministerial Meeting in New York on September 
1999. We welcome the adoption of UNGA resolution 53/30 and the Report of the 
Open-Ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and 
Increase in the Membership of the Security Council (A/53/47). 
28. We reiterate our concern over the increasing occurrence of the term 
"preventive action" in the absence of an agreed definition or understanding of 
this term, as well as inadequate clarification of its implications on United 
Nations activities and resources. We urge that the General Assembly develop 
guidelines for the UN on this matter. 
29. We recall that the imposition of sanctions is an issue of serious concern 
for Non-Aligned Countries. We reaffirm that the imposition of sanctions in 
accordance with the Charter should be considered only after all means of 
peaceful settlement of disputes under Chapter VI of the Charter have been 
exhausted and a thorough consideration undertaken of the short and long-term 
effects of such sanctions. Sanctions are a blunt instrument, the use of which 
raises fundamental ethical questions of whether sufferings inflicted on 
vulnerable groups in the target country are legitimate means of exerting 
pressure. The objectives of sanctions are not to punish or otherwise exact 
retribution. 
30. We reiterate that the objectives of sanctions regimes should be clearly 
defined. Sanctions should be lifted as soon as the objectives are achieved. They 
should be imposed for a specified time-frame and be based on tenable legal 
grounds. The conditions demanded of the country or party on which sanctions are 
imposed should be clearly defined and subject to periodic review. Attempts to 
impose or to prolong the application of sanctions to achieve political ends 
should be rejected. 
The Millennium Summit
31. We pledge our firm support to the fifty-fifth session of the General 
Assembly in the year 2000 convened as "The Millennium Assembly of the United 
Nations", with a Millennium Summit of the United Nations as an integral part 
thereof. The Non-Aligned Countries will actively avail themselves of the 
opportunity presented by the Summit to articulate their vision of prospects and 
challenges for the new millennium, and concrete actions required by the 
international community to effectively address them. We stress that the 
Millennium Summit and its preparatory process must provide for effective 
participation by all Member States, especially the members of the Non-Aligned 
Movement, through a transparent intergovernmental process of deliberations and 
negotiations, to ensure full ownership of its outcome. 
32. We endorse the proposal by the Joint Co-ordinating Committee of the NAM and 
the G-77 that the overarching theme for the Millennium Summit should be "Role of 
the United Nations in the 21st Century", and that within this overarching theme, 
there should be two sub-topics: (i) Peace, Security and Disarmament, and (ii) 
Development and Poverty Eradication. 
Financial Situation of the United Nations 
33. We express our concern over the deteriorating financial situation of the 
Organisation and reiterate that the primary cause of the financial crisis 
continues to be the failure on the part of certain developed countries to 
discharge fully, without conditions and on time, their assessed contribution to 
the Regular Budget and to peace-keeping operations. We urge all countries in 
arrears to settle their outstanding dues without further delay and to pay their 
future assessments in full, on time and without imposing preconditions. 
34. We re-emphasise our concern at the continued cross borrowing from the 
peace-keeping budgets to the regular budget, which also contribute to the delay 
in reimbursement to the troop and contingent-owned-equipment-providing 
countries, particularly to the Non-Aligned and developing countries. All Member 
States are strongly urged to fulfil their obligations under the Charter to bring 
an end to this extraordinary practice. We reiterate our concern over the delay 
in reimbursement and underscore the need for early reimbursement to troop and 
COE providing countries. 
35. The principle of capacity to pay as a fundamental criterion in the 
apportionment of the expenses of the Organisation is important and should be 
maintained. The scale of assessments for the period 2001-2003 must take into 
consideration the economic conditions of the developing countries. Any 
unilateral attempt to modify the scale of assessments through conditionalities, 
which are contrary to the United Nations Charter, is unacceptable. Any 
significant modification of the scale would be considered only if it spreads the 
burden of payment, in accordance with the principle of capacity to pay, more 
broadly among the major contributors without adversely affecting NAM and other 
developing countries. 
36. The principles and guidelines for the apportionment of the expenses of 
peace-keeping operations approved by the General Assembly in its resolutions 
1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963 and 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 must be 
adopted on a permanent basis. In this regard, account must also be taken of the 
special responsibility of the five Permanent Members of the Security Council in 
the financing of such operations. Furthermore, we reiterate the position adopted 
at the XII Summit in which it is stressed that member countries of the NAM and 
other developing countries shall be classified in a category that is no higher 
than group C. 
37. Recalling the proposals by the Secretary-General for procurement reform as 
outlined in A/52/534, we emphasise the critical importance of timely, efficient, 
transparent and cost-effective procurement of goods and services in support of 
peace-keeping operations. We express our grave concern at the negligible share 
of Non-Aligned and other developing countries in UN procurement. In this regard, 
we reiterate the need to ensure greater UN procurement from developing 
countries, especially Non-Aligned Countries in particular through the 
implementation or the provision of preferential treatment. 
38. We further underline that the United Nations Suppliers Roster should be 
representative of the membership of the Organisation. In awarding procurement 
contracts, preference should be given to Member States that have fulfilled their 
financial obligations to the United Nations. 
39. We reiterate that international civil servants in accordance with Articles 
100 and 101 of the UN Charter should carry out all the mandated programs and 
activities of the United Nations. The Gratis Personnel should be completely 
phased out in accordance with relevant General Assembly resolutions. 
United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations 
40. We reaffirm the guiding principles regarding peace-keeping operations 
contained in the Final Document adopted by the XI Ministerial Conference in 
Cairo on 3 June 1994 and reiterate the Movement’s positions on peace-keeping 
adopted by the XII Summit of Heads of State or Government held in Durban on 29 
August to 3 September 1998. 
41. We reiterate our view that peace-keeping operations should not be used as a 
substitute for addressing the root causes of conflict. Those causes should be 
addressed in a coherent, well-planned, co-ordinated and comprehensive manner 
with political, social and developmental instruments. Consideration should be 
given to ways in which those efforts can continue without interruption after the 
departure of peace-keeping operations so as to ensure a smooth transition to 
lasting peace and security. 
42. We reiterate that the maintenance of international peace and security is a 
primary responsibility of the United Nations and that the role of regional 
arrangements in that regard, should be in accordance with Chapter VIII of the 
United Nations Charter, and should not in any way substitute the role of the 
United Nations, or circumvent the full application of the guiding principles of 
United Nations peace-keeping. In this regard, we stress the need to avoid 
selectivity and double standards in establishing United Nations peace-keeping 
operations in Africa. Further, when constituting UN peace-keeping operations for 
any region of the world, we urge the Secretary-General of the United Nations to 
seek as broad a geographical representation as possible, consistent with the 
universal character of the Organisation. 
43. We reaffirm that the funding of the United Nations peace-keeping operations 
through voluntary contributions should not influence UN Security Council 
decisions to establish peace-keeping operations or affect their mandate. We 
stress the need for regular and institutionalised consultations between troop 
contributing countries and the Security Council. We also stress the need to 
differentiate between peace-keeping operations and humanitarian assistance. 
44. We stress that the Security Council should ascertain the views of 
prospective troop contributing countries before and while drafting mandates for 
UN peace-keeping operations, since these countries are primarily responsible for 
ensuring the implementation of the Council’s mandate on the ground. We also 
stress that, while authorising force, the Security Council should adhere to the 
provisions of Articles 43 and 44 of the Charter of the United Nations. 
45. We emphasise that the planning process within the Department of 
Peace-keeping Operations must be more transparent and effective and that troop 
contributing countries should be consulted at the earliest stages of mission 
planning. We reiterate our concern over the staffing structure of the Department 
of Peace-keeping Operations of the UN Secretariat whereby NAM Member Countries 
are insufficiently represented, particularly at professional levels. We stress 
that, on the basis of equitable geographical representation, personnel from 
Non-Aligned Movement Member Countries should be sufficiently represented. 
46. The UN Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations remains the competent 
forum with the mandate to comprehensively review the whole question of 
peace-keeping operations in all their aspects. We stress the importance of 
consistently applying the principles and standards that the Special Committee on 
Peace-keeping Operations has set forth for the establishment and conduct of 
peace-keeping operations and also emphasise the need to continue to consider 
definitions in a systematic fashion including proposals or conditions concerning 
peace-keeping operations. 
47. We note the announcement by the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 
March 7, 2000, that he has commissioned a major new study on "UN Peace 
Operations" and has constituted a panel of experts for this. While expressing 
our concern about the use of the undefined term "UN Peace Operations", we urge 
that, in view of the importance of the initiative taken by the 
Secretary-General, and its potential impact on the future of UN peace-keeping 
operations, the study should be reviewed by the competent bodies of the General 
Assembly, including the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations, before 
submission to the Millennium Summit. 
48. Having already addressed the report on the Fall of Srebrenica in plenary we 
urge the President of the General Assembly to do likewise on the Report of the 
Independent Inquiry into Actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide 
in Rwanda in this current session of the General Assembly. 
49. We reiterate our view that efforts aimed at enhancing the capacity of 
African countries in the various aspects of peace-keeping are complementary to 
the obligations of all United Nations Member States under the Charter of the 
United Nations with regard to their contribution in maintaining peace and 
security in Africa, and are not intended to replace or reduce engagement of 
non-African countries in peace-keeping operations in the continent. 
50. We recognise the concerns of Member States regarding medical aspects of 
peace-keeping operations including the high risk of the transmission and 
contraction of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases facing peace-keepers and 
other personnel in the field. We welcome the ongoing efforts of the DPKO 
Training Unit, including during pre-deployment orientation, to raise awareness 
of these diseases and request the DPKO to incorporate language into the 
"Guidelines for Military and Civpol Participation in Peace-keeping Operations" 
Manuals, to further raise the peace-keepers' awareness of these diseases. 
51. We note the increasing demands for deployment in large number of civilian 
police personnel in United Nations peace-keeping operations and stress the 
importance of developing, by the UN Secretariat, at an early date, agreed 
guidelines on the principles governing the role of civilian police personnel in 
United Nations peace-keeping operations. 
52. We express concern at the recent assertion in the report of the 
Secretary-General (S/2000/194 dated 8 March 2000) that the Multinational Standby 
Force High Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) would be available at high readiness for 
peace-keeping operations where rapid response is important, including the 
humanitarian tasks mandated by the Security Council under Chapter VI of the 
Charter of the United Nations. In this regard, we reiterate that the name of the 
United Nations should not be used arbitrarily by individual States or groups in 
their activities without a relevant UN resolution, since the United Nations is 
the world’s most universal international organisation. 
Agenda for Peace
53. We reaffirm that, without any prejudice to the competence of the other 
principal organs of the United Nations’ respective roles in post-conflict 
peace-building (PCPB) activities, the General Assembly must have the key role in 
the formulation of PCPB activities. In this regard, we also recognise the 
importance of the concerted actions of international agencies to support 
actively the national programs particularly of NAM Countries, which are in the 
process of recovery from recent conflicts, for reconstruction and 
rehabilitation, including the promotion of a culture of peace, which paves the 
way for the achievement of economic and social development. 
54. We note that the UN Department of Peace-keeping Operations has concluded a 
Memorandum of Understanding with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human 
Rights to enhance co-operation between them, and to seek to increase the 
effectiveness of peace-keeping and human rights activities. While reiterating 
that the General Assembly must have the key role in the formulation of 
post-conflict peace-building (PCPB) activities, we express our concern over the 
fact that such an MOU should have been signed without any discussion on this 
subject in the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations, and in the absence 
of inter-governmental agreement on this subject. 
Regional Organisations 
55. We highlight the important role that regional arrangements and agencies, 
composed of Non-Aligned and other developing countries, can play in the 
promotion of regional peace and security, economic co-operation and economic and 
social development. 
56. While reaffirming that the primary responsibility for international peace 
and security rests with the United Nations, we stress that the role of regional 
arrangements or agencies, in that regard, should not in any way be substituted 
for the role of the United Nations, or circumvent the full application of the 
guiding principles of the United Nations and international law. 
57. We reaffirm that a process of consultations, co-operation and co-ordination 
between the United Nations and regional arrangements or agencies, in accordance 
with Chapter VIII of the Charter, as well as on their mandates, scope and 
composition, is useful and can contribute to the maintenance of international 
peace and security. 
58. Regional arrangements on economic co-operation can contribute to development 
and to the growth of the world economy through, inter alia, the promotion of 
trade, investment and technology transfer. We stress the need for a firm 
commitment to enhance economic co-operation among developing countries within 
the framework of an open, multilateral, equitable and non-discriminatory trading 
system. 
59. In this context, we note that the Partnership concluded between ACP and EU 
provides for the negotiations of Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU 
and ACP sub-regions. We urge States concerned to devise appropriate strategies 
to effectively co-ordinate their position so that these negotiations are 
compatible with the objectives of regional integration such as those envisaged 
in the Abuja Treaty. 
60. We welcome the convening of the IX Summit of Heads of State or Government of 
the Countries Members of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) that 
will take place in the State of Qatar in the year 2000 and are confident that 
the decisions of the Summit will strengthen and promote international peace and 
security, and co-operation in conformity with the UN Charter and with the 
principles and interests of the Non-Aligned Movement Members. 
The Right to Self-Determination and Decolonisation 
61. We reiterate the continued validity of the fundamental rights of all peoples 
to self-determination, the exercise of which, in the case of peoples under 
colonial or alien domination and foreign occupation, is essential to ensure the 
eradication of all these situations and to guarantee universal respect for human 
rights and fundamental freedoms. We strongly condemn ongoing brutal suppression 
of the legitimate aspirations for self-determination of peoples under colonial 
or alien domination and foreign occupation in various regions of the world.
62. We reaffirm the inalienable right of peoples of non-self-governing 
territories to self-determination and independence in accordance with United 
Nations General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 regardless of 
the territory's size, geographical location, population and limited natural 
resources. We renew our commitment to hasten the complete elimination of 
colonialism, and support the effective implementation of the Plan of Action of 
the Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism. In this regard, we propose the 
declaration of a new Decade for the elimination of Colonialism to commence in 
2001. We reaffirm in this context that the principle of self-determination with 
respect to the remaining territories within the framework of the Program of 
Action should be implemented in accordance with the wishes of the people 
consistent with United Nations General Assembly resolutions and the Charter of 
the United Nations. 
63. In the context of the implementation of UNGA resolution 1514 (XV), we 
reiterate that any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the 
national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with 
the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. We also 
reaffirm the right of all people that have been subjected to colonialism to 
receive full compensation for the human and material losses they suffered as a 
result of colonialism, foreign occupation and alien domination. 
64. We call for the full implementation of relevant UNESCO resolutions and 
decisions relating to the restitution of cultural property of peoples formerly 
under colonial rule and urge that payment of applicable compensation be made in 
conformity with United Nations General Assembly resolutions and the return of 
cultural property to their countries of origin. We also affirm the right of the 
Non-Aligned Countries to preserve their cultures and protect their national 
heritage, which are the basis of the cultural identity of these countries. 
65. We reaffirm once again the right of the people of Puerto Rico to 
self-determination and independence on the basis of resolution 1514 (XV) of the 
United Nations General Assembly. We take note of the resolution on Puerto Rico 
by the Committee on July 6, 1999, which, inter alia, requested the US Government 
to order the halt of its armed forces military drills and manoeuvres of Vieques 
Island and to withdraw from the occupied territory of Vieques. We request the 
Committee of 24 to continue actively pursuing the issue of Puerto Rico. 
66. We reiterate our strong support for the Committee of 24, which is an 
important subsidiary body of the GA of the UN, and express our desire that the 
said body would continue to receive both the adequate human and financial 
resources aimed at actively pursuing its work in order to determine the 
interests of the peoples of non-self governing territories regarding their 
future political status, for which a number of actions, such as visiting 
missions and regional seminars, are totally adequate and necessary. For this 
purpose, we once again call upon the Administering powers to grant their full 
support to the activities of the Committee. 
Disarmament and International Security 
67. We reaffirm and reiterate the long-standing principled positions of the 
Movement on disarmament and international security, including the decisions 
taken at the XII Summit in Durban.
68. We are deeply concerned at the updating of strategic defence doctrines that 
set out new rationales for the use of nuclear weapons. In this regard also, we 
are deeply concerned over the new "Alliance Strategic Concept" adopted by NATO 
in April 1999, which not only maintain unjustifiable concepts on international 
security based on promoting and developing military alliances and policies of 
nuclear deterrence, but also includes new elements aimed to open even more the 
scope for possible use or threat of use of force by NATO.
69. We are furthermore concerned over the negative implications of the 
development and deployment of anti-ballistic missile defence systems and the 
pursuit of advanced military technologies capable of deployment in outer space, 
which have, inter alia, contributed to the further erosion of an international 
climate conducive to the promotion of disarmament and the strengthening of 
international security. In this connection, we call upon the States Parties to 
the ABM Treaty to fully comply with its provisions.
70. We are convinced of the need for a comprehensive approach towards missiles, 
in a balanced and non discriminatory manner, as a contribution to international 
peace and security. In this context, we recall the General Assembly resolution 
54/54 F.
71. We reiterate our long-standing principled position for the total elimination 
of all nuclear testing. We stress the significance of achieving universal 
adherence to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), including by all 
the Nuclear Weapon States, which, inter alia, should contribute to the process 
of nuclear disarmament. We express our satisfaction that 155 States have signed 
the Treaty and 55 States have ratified it thus far. We reiterate that if the 
objectives of the Treaty were to be fully realised, the continued commitment of 
all State signatories, especially the Nuclear Weapon States, to nuclear 
disarmament would be essential. We express our concern over the recent negative 
developments with regard to the ratification of the CTBT. 
72. We reaffirm the importance of the Conference on Disarmament as the sole 
multilateral negotiating body on disarmament. In this context, we regret that 
the continued inflexible postures of the Nuclear Weapon States continues to 
prevent the Conference on Disarmament from establishing in 2000 an Ad Hoc 
Committee on nuclear disarmament to start negotiations on a phased programme for 
the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a specified framework of time, 
including a Nuclear Weapons Convention. In this regard, we reiterate our call on 
the Conference on Disarmament to establish, as the highest priority, an Ad Hoc 
Committee on Nuclear Disarmament. We underline once again the unanimous 
conclusion of the International Court of Justice that there exists an obligation 
to pursue in good faith and to bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to 
nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international 
control.
73. We reiterate our conviction that efforts for the conclusion of a universal, 
unconditional and legally binding instrument on security assurances to 
Non-Nuclear-Weapon States should be pursued as a matter of priority by the 
members of the Non-Aligned Movement.
74. We consider the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones (NWFZ) created by 
the treaties of Tlatelolco, Rarotonga, Bangkok and Pelindaba as a positive step 
towards attaining the objective of global nuclear disarmament. The Movement 
welcomes the efforts aimed at creation of new nuclear-weapons-free zones in all 
regions of the world and calls for co-operation and broad consultation in order 
to achieve agreements freely arrived at between the states of the region 
concerned. We reiterate that in the context of nuclear-weapon free zones, it is 
essential that Nuclear Weapon States should provide unconditional assurances 
against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons to all States of the zone. 
We urge States to conclude agreements with a view to creating 
nuclear-weapon-free zones in regions where they do not exist, in accordance with 
the provisions of the Final Document of the Special Session of the General 
Assembly devoted to Disarmament (SSOD-I). In this context, we welcome the 
adoption by the United Nations Disarmament Commission at its 1999 session of a 
document entitled "Establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones on the basis of 
arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned." We 
also welcome and support the recent adoption by the Mongolian Parliament of 
legislation on Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status as a concrete contribution 
to the international efforts to strengthen the non-proliferation regime.
75. We reiterate the support for the establishment in the Middle East of a zone 
free of all weapons of mass destruction. To this end, we reaffirm the need for 
the speedy establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East in 
accordance with Security Council resolutions 487 (1981) and 687 (1991) and the 
relevant General Assembly resolutions adopted by consensus. We call upon all 
parties concerned to take urgent and practical steps towards the establishment 
of such a zone and, pending its establishment, we call on Israel, the only 
country in the region that has not joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
Nuclear Weapons (NPT) nor declared its intention to do so, to renounce 
possession of nuclear weapons, to accede to the NPT without delay, to place 
promptly all its nuclear facilities under IAEA full-scope safeguards and to 
conduct its nuclear related activities in conformity with the non-proliferation 
regime. We express great concern over the acquisition of nuclear capability by 
Israel which poses a serious and continuing threat to the security of 
neighbouring and other States and we condemn Israel for continuing to develop 
and stockpile nuclear arsenals. We are of the view that stability cannot be 
achieved in a region where massive imbalances in military capabilities are 
maintained particularly through the possession of nuclear weapons which allow 
one party to threaten its neighbours and the region. We further welcome the 
initiative by H.E. Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, President of the Arab Republic of 
Egypt, on the establishment of a zone free from weapons of mass destruction in 
the Middle East. We stress that necessary steps should be taken in different 
international fora for the establishment of this zone. We also call for the 
total and complete prohibition of the transfer of all nuclear-related equipment, 
information, material and facilities, resources or devices and the extension of 
assistance in the nuclear related scientific or technological fields to Israel. 
In this regard, we express our serious concern over the recent development 
whereby Israeli scientists are provided access to the nuclear facilities of one 
Nuclear Weapon State. This development will have potentially serious negative 
implications on the regional security as well as the reliability of the global 
non-proliferation regime.
76. We, the Ministers of the States Parties to the NPT, reiterate our call and 
the firm commitment by all States parties to the Treaty for the full 
implementation at the 2000 NPT Review Conference, of the package agreed to at 
the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference which comprises of the decision on 
"Strengthening the review process for the Treaty", the decision on "Principles 
and Objectives for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament", the decision on 
"Extension of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons", and the 
"Resolution on the Middle East". We note with appreciation that specific time 
was made available at the Third Preparatory session for the 2000 Review 
Conference for the discussion on and consideration of proposals on the 
provisions in Article VI of the NPT and in paragraphs 3 and 4 (c) of the 1995 
decision on "Principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and 
Disarmament", dealing with nuclear disarmament, as well as on the Resolution on 
the Middle East adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference. In this 
context, we reaffirm the importance of the implementation of the call by our 
Heads of State or Government for the Review Conference to establish a subsidiary 
body to Main Committee I to deliberate on practical steps for systematic and 
progressive efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons, as well as a subsidiary body 
to Main Committee II to consider and recommend proposals on the implementation 
of the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension 
Conference of the NPT.
77. We note with concern that undue restrictions on exports to developing 
countries of material, equipment and technology, for peaceful purposes persist. 
We emphasise that proliferation concerns are best addressed through 
multilaterally negotiated, universal, comprehensive and non-discriminatory 
agreements. Non-proliferation control arrangements should be transparent and 
open to participation by all States, and should ensure that they do not impose 
restrictions on access to material, equipment and technology for peaceful 
purposes required by developing countries for their continued development. In 
this regard we also express our strong rejection of attempts by any member State 
to use the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) technical co-operation 
programme as a tool for political purposes in violation of the IAEA’s Statute.
78. We, the Ministers of the States parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention 
(CWC) welcome the increasing number of ratifications of the Convention and 
invite all States who have still not ratified it to do so as soon as possible 
with the view to its universality. We also underline the urgency of 
satisfactorily resolving the unresolved issues in the framework of the 
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) with a view to 
paving the ground for the effective, full and non-discriminatory implementation 
of the Convention. In this context, we reiterate our call on the developed 
countries to promote international co-operation through the transfer of 
technology, material and equipment for peaceful purposes in the chemical field 
and the removal of all and any discriminatory restrictions that are contrary to 
the letter and spirit of the Convention. We emphasise the need for an urgent 
conclusion of the relationship agreement between the United Nations and the 
OPCW, in accordance with the provisions of the CWC.
79. While asserting that the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) 
inherently precludes the use of biological weapons, we, the Ministers of the 
States Parties to the Convention recall the decision by the BWC Review 
Conference that the use by the States Parties, in any way and under any 
circumstances, of microbial or other biological agents or toxins, that is not 
consistent with prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes, is 
effectively a violation of Article I of the Convention. We reiterate our 
conviction that the use of biological weapons, in any way and under any 
circumstances, is effectively a violation of Article I of the Convention and we 
express the wish for this issue to be pursued further by the States Parties. We 
note the progress achieved so far in negotiating a Protocol to strengthen the 
BWC and reaffirm the decision of the Fourth Review Conference urging the 
conclusion of the negotiations by the Ad Hoc Group as soon as possible, before 
the commencement of the Fifth Review Conference, and for it to submit its 
report, which shall be adopted by consensus, to the States Parties to consider 
it at a Special Conference. Therefore artificial deadlines should be avoided. 
While we also note that there still exist a number of outstanding issues that 
need to be resolved, we are satisfied with the substantial progress which has 
been achieved in the negotiations of the Ad Hoc Group, and wish to emphasise 
that the principle of negotiation on the rolling text provides the methodology 
for resolving outstanding issues by consensus. Finally, and in this context, we 
call for flexibility to be shown on the outstanding issues as has already been 
demonstrated by the positive contributions on key issues made by the NAM and 
Other States participating in the negotiations, and we call on the Ad Hoc Group 
to conclude its work at the earliest possible date allowing sufficient time for 
the steps which would need to be taken for the consideration of the outcome of 
the Ad Hoc Group’s work at a special conference to be held prior to the BWC 2001 
Review Conference.
80. We remain deeply concerned over the illicit transfer, manufacture and 
circulation of small arms and light weapons and their excessive accumulation and 
proliferation in many countries, with destabilising effects. We fully share the 
regional and international concern that the easy availability of illicit small 
arms and light weapons escalate conflicts, undermine political stability and 
have a devastating impact on peace and security. We invite the international 
community, in co-operation with international and other regional organisations 
to work together towards resolving the problem of proliferation of illicit small 
arms and light weapons. In this context, we welcome the decision adopted by the 
35th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African 
Unity (OAU) held in Algiers, Algeria, regarding the illicit proliferation, 
circulation and trafficking of small arms and light weapons; the entry into 
force on 1 July 1998, of the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit 
Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other 
Related Materials; the decision on prevention and combating of illicit 
trafficking in small arms and related crimes adopted by the Council of Ministers 
at the XIX Summit of Heads of State or Government of the Southern African 
Development Community held in Maputo, Mozambique; the initiative taken by the 
States members of the Economic Community of West African States in declaring a 
moratorium on the importation, exportation and manufacture of small arms and 
light weapons in West Africa; the Nairobi Declaration on the Problem of the 
Proliferation of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region 
and the Horn of Africa adopted at the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa 
Conference on the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons held in Nairobi, 
Kenya, from 12-15 March 2000 and we encourage similar initiatives in this 
regard.
81. We express our support for the convening of the United Nations Conference on 
the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects which will 
be held in 2001, and welcome the establishment of the Preparatory Committee for 
the Conference which held its first meeting from 28 February – 3 March 2000. We 
recall that the General Assembly at its 54 Session, in resolution 54/54 V, 
decided that the scope of the UN Conference will be the illicit trade in small 
arms and light weapons in all its aspects. We reiterate our call for the 
Chairman of the Preparatory Committee to utilise the inter-sessional period to 
conduct open-ended informal consultations in a transparent manner to facilitate 
the widest possible exchange of views on all issues related to this Conference. 
We are also in favour of informal inter-sessional meetings prior to the second 
session on all issues pertaining to the illicit trade in small arms and light 
weapons in all its aspects provided that such meetings should be held in New 
York in order to ensure the widest possible participation of States, in 
particular countries with limited representation, and to ensure continuity in 
the work of the Preparatory Committee. We invite the Chairman of the Preparatory 
Committee to submit a report to the Preparatory Committee at its second session 
on the outcome of consultations conducted in the inter-sessional period. We 
stress that the venues of future Preparatory Committee sessions and the 
Conference should ensure the broadest participation of all Member States of the 
United Nations, in particular countries with limited representation. In this 
regard, we take note with appreciation of the offer made by the Republic of 
Kenya to host one of the future Preparatory Committee Sessions. We believe that 
the Conference should be chaired by a representative of a country affected by 
the illicit traffic in small arms and light weapons.
82. We deplore the use, in contravention of international humanitarian law, of 
anti-personnel mines in conflict situations aimed at maiming, killing and 
terrorising innocent civilians, denying them access to farmland, causing famine 
and forcing them to flee their homes eventually leading to depopulation and 
preventing the return of civilians to their place of original residence. We call 
upon the international community to provide the necessary assistance to landmine 
clearance operations as well as the rehabilitation of victims and their social 
and economic reintegration in the landmine affected countries. We further call 
for international assistance to ensure full access of affected countries to 
material equipment, technology and financial resources for mine clearance. We 
also call for increased humanitarian assistance for victims of landmines. 
83. We express concern about the residue of the Second World War, particularly 
in the form of landmines, which have caused human and material damage and 
obstructed development plans in some Non-Aligned countries. We call on the 
States responsible for laying the mines outside their territories to co-operate 
with the affected countries, provide the necessary information, and maps 
indicating the locations of such mines, technical assistance for their clearance 
and contribute towards defrayal of the costs of clearance and provide 
compensation for any ensuing losses.
84. We call on States to become parties to the Convention on Prohibition or 
Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to 
be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (CCW) and its 
Protocols, in particular in light of the Review Conference in 2001. We take note 
of the First Annual Conference of States Parties to the Amended Protocol II to 
the CCW, realised in Geneva in December 1999 and stress the importance of its 
effective implementation. We also take note of the realisation of the First 
Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, 
Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti Personnel Mines and on Their 
Destruction, which took place in Maputo, Mozambique in May 1999.
85. We call for an international conference, at the earliest possible date, with 
the objective of arriving at an agreement on a phased programme for the complete 
elimination of nuclear weapons with a specified framework of time to eliminate 
all nuclear weapons, to prohibit their development, production, acquisition, 
testing, stockpiling, transfer, use or threat of use, and to provide for their 
destruction.
86. We reiterate once again our support for the convening of the Fourth Special 
Session of the United Nations General Assembly devoted to Disarmament. We 
express deep concern over the lack of consensus on the deliberations held by the 
United Nations Disarmament Commission in 1999 on the agenda and objectives. We 
note that the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to seek the views 
of Member States and report to the 55th General Assembly on the objectives, 
agenda and timing of the Special Session. In this regard, we direct the 
Co-ordinating Bureau to entrust the NAM Working Group on Disarmament with the 
task of continuing to press for further steps leading to the convening of the 
Fourth Special Session with the participation of all Member States of the United 
Nations as well as the need for SSOD-IV to review and assess the implementation 
of SSOD-I, while reaffirming its principles and priorities.
Indian Ocean
87. We reaffirm the validity of the objectives of the Declaration of the Indian 
Ocean as a Zone of Peace. We reaffirm the importance of international 
co-operation to ensure peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region. 
We note that greater efforts and more time are required to facilitate a focused 
discussion on practical measures to ensure conditions of peace, security and 
stability in the region. We also note that in light of resolution 54/47 of the 
United Nations General Assembly, the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee on the 
Indian Ocean will continue his informal consultations on the future work of the 
Committee.
Terrorism 
88. We are greatly concerned over acts of terrorism which, under various 
pretexts and disguises, result in the most flagrant violation of international 
law including international humanitarian law, and seek to destabilise the 
prevailing constitutional order and political unity of sovereign States. We 
declare that terrorism also affects the stability of nations and the very basis 
of societies especially pluralistic societies and impedes the full enjoyment of 
the human rights of peoples. We condemn all acts, methods and practices of 
terrorism as unjustifiable whatever the considerations or factors that may be 
invoked to justify them. 
89. We welcome with satisfaction the adoption by the General Assembly of the 
Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism (UNGA resolution 
49/60), the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings and the 
International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and 
urge that they be implemented. We reiterate our condemnation of all acts, 
methods and practices of terrorism, as they have adverse consequences, inter 
alia, on the economic and social development of States. We declare that 
terrorism also affects the stability of nations and the very basis of societies, 
especially pluralistic societies. We reiterate the need for the urgent 
conclusion and the effective implementation of a comprehensive convention for 
combating international terrorism. In the light of the previous initiatives 
adopted by NAM, we call for an International Summit Conference under the 
auspices of the United Nations to formulate a joint organised response of the 
international community to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. We 
welcome with satisfaction the UN General Assembly resolution 54/110 which 
decided that the ad hoc Committee on Terrorism established by resolution 51/210, 
shall consider the elaboration of a comprehensive convention on international 
terrorism, and shall address the question of convening a high-level conference 
under the auspices of the UN to formulate a joint organised response of the 
international community to terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. We 
further call upon all States to support these initiatives as elaborated above. 
90. We reaffirm that criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of 
terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for 
whatever purposes are, in any circumstance, unjustifiable, whatever the 
considerations or factors that may be invoked to justify them. 
91. We reaffirm the Movement's principled position under the international law 
on the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples under colonial or alien domination 
and foreign occupation for national liberation and self-determination, which 
does not constitute terrorism and we call once again for the definition of 
terrorism to differentiate it from the legitimate struggle of peoples under 
colonial or alien domination and foreign occupation, for self-determination and 
national liberation. 
92. We urge all States to co-operate to enhance international co-operation in 
the fight against terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and, wherever, 
by whoever, against whomsoever it occurs, at the national, regional and 
international levels, and to observe and implement the relevant international 
and bilateral instruments, taking into account the Final Document of the UN 
Conference on the Prevention of Crime and Criminal Justice held in Cairo in 
1995. 
93. We emphasise that international co-operation to combat terrorism should be 
conducted in conformity with the principles of the United Nations Charter, 
international law and relevant international conventions, and express our 
opposition to selective and unilateral actions in violation of principles and 
purposes of the United Nations Charter. In this context, we call upon the 
competent United Nations Organs to promote ways and means to strengthen 
co-operation, including the international legal regime for combating 
international terrorism. 
94. We welcome the adoption of the Convention of the Organisation of African 
Unity on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism by the Heads of State and 
Government of the OAU at the Algiers Summit in July 1999, as a positive step in 
developing a comprehensive legal framework for regional co-operation in 
combating terrorism and welcome the entry into force of the Arab Convention to 
Combat Terrorism on 7 May 1999. We also welcome the organisation of the Islamic 
Conference Convention on Combating International Terrorism adopted by the OIC 
Ministerial Conference held in Ouagadougou from 28 June to 1 July 1999. 
95. We reiterate that all States are under the obligation pursuant to the 
purposes and principles and other provisions of the Charter of the United 
Nations and other relevant international instruments, codes of conduct and other 
rules of international law to refrain from organising, assisting or 
participating in terrorist acts in the territories of other States or 
acquiescing in or encouraging activities within their territories directed 
towards the commission of such acts, including allowing the use of national 
territories and territories under their jurisdiction for planning and training 
for that purpose. We solemnly reaffirm our unequivocal condemnation of any 
political, diplomatic, moral or material support for terrorism. We also call on 
all States to adhere to and implement existing international conventions against 
terrorism. 
Mercenaries 
96. We reiterate our belief that mercenarism, in all its forms, constitutes an 
obstacle to peace and the exercise of sovereignty by Non-Aligned Countries and 
endangers the national security of States, especially small States as well as 
the safety and stability of multi-ethnic States, and impedes the exercise of the 
right of peoples to self-determination. We urge all States to take the necessary 
steps and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the 
activities of mercenaries and to take appropriate legislative measures to ensure 
that their territories and other territories under their control are not used 
for recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries for 
the planning of activities designed to destabilise or overthrow the Government 
or threaten the territorial integrity and political unity of sovereign States. 
International Law 
97. We recall the Declaration on the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of 
Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court by the 
NAM Ministerial Meeting of the Co-ordinating Bureau. We take note of the ongoing 
discussions in the Preparatory Commission and we stress the need to ensure, 
during the work of the Preparatory Commission, that the Court is impartial and 
independent of political organs of the United Nations which should not direct or 
hinder the functions of the Court nor assume a parallel or superior role to the 
Court. We also note the importance of safeguarding the integrity of the Statute 
of the Court, in particular during the work of the Preparatory Commission and 
emphasise the need to take the necessary measures to ensure the coming into 
operation of the International Criminal Court. 
98. We note the conclusion by the Preparatory Commission for the International 
Criminal Court of its second reading of the Elements of Crimes and the Rules of 
Procedure and Evidence. We call on all States to work together to ensure the 
timely completion of the mandate of the Preparatory Commission in particular 
with regard to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence and the Elements of Crimes. 
We also emphasise the need to conclude the ongoing work of the Preparatory 
Commission with respect to the crime of aggression, which is an important part 
of the Statute. In this regard, we urge the active and consistent participation 
of the members of NAM in the Working Group in all issues, particularly with 
regard to arriving at an acceptable definition of this serious crime. 
99. We stress our serious concern on the intention of a group of States to 
unilaterally re-interpret or re-draft the existing legal instruments in 
accordance with their own views and interests. We emphasise that the integrity 
of legal instruments by Member States must be maintained. We also express our 
deep concern at the most recent experiences in the election of several Treaty 
Bodies, which resulted in a loss of seats of experts from the Non-Aligned 
Countries, which resulted in an unbalanced representation of all regions at 
these bodies. We call upon the Non-Aligned Countries that are parties to the 
relevant legal treaties to work together in order to redress this anomaly, and 
underline the need for a more active solidarity and unity among the Non-Aligned 
Countries by supporting the candidatures of experts from the Non-Aligned 
Countries. 
100. We emphasise the need for a renewal of commitment by the international 
community to uphold and defend the principles of the UN Charter, the 
international law, international humanitarian law, and the International Court 
of Justice as well as the means envisaged in the UN Charter for the pacific 
settlement of disputes. The Charter refers to the International Court of Justice 
as the Organisation’s principal judicial organ. The Security Council should make 
greater use of the World Court as a source of advisory opinions, and in 
controversial instances, use it as a source of interpreting relevant 
international law. 
101. We remain firmly opposed to evaluations, certifications and other coercive 
unilateral measures as a means of exerting pressure on Non-Aligned Countries and 
other developing countries. Coercive unilateral measures and legislation are 
contrary to international law, international humanitarian law, the United 
Nations Charter and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among 
states and thus are to be further decried by the international community. We 
reject the increasing trend in this direction. We strongly object to the 
extra-territorial nature of those measures, which, in addition, threaten the 
sovereignty of States and we call on States applying unilateral coercive 
measures to put an immediate end to those measures. 
102. We condemn the continued unilateral application, by certain powers, of 
coercive economic and other measures, including the enactment of 
extra-territorial laws, against a number of developing countries, with a view to 
preventing these countries from exercising their right to decide, by their own 
free will, their own political, economic and social systems. We call on all 
countries not to recognise the unilateral extra-territorial laws enacted by 
certain countries, which impose sanctions on other States and foreign companies 
and individuals. We reaffirm that such legislation contradict norms of 
international law and run counter to the principles and purposes of the United 
Nations. 
103. We call on all States to refrain from adopting or implementing 
extra-territorial or unilateral measures of coercion as means of exerting 
pressure on Non-Aligned and other developing countries. We note that measures 
such as Helms-Burton Law, D´Amato-Kennedy Acts and other laws recently enacted 
related to other issues, constitute violations of international law and the 
Charter of the United Nations, and call on the international community to take 
effective action in order to arrest this trend. 
104. We reaffirm the position taken by the XII Summit in Durban on the air 
attack carried out by the United States government against the Al-Shifa 
Pharmaceutical Plant in the Sudan on 20 August 1998. 
Peaceful settlement of disputes 
105. We emphasise the need for a renewal of commitment by the international 
community to uphold and defend the principles of the United Nations Charter and 
international law as well as the means envisaged in the United Nations Charter 
for the pacific settlement of disputes. The role of the Movement in promoting a 
just international order would largely depend on its inner strength, unity and 
cohesion. It is therefore, incumbent on all Member Countries to work earnestly 
towards promoting the solidarity and unity of the Movement. 
106. We recall the decisions of the Cartagena Summit to mandate the 
Co-ordinating Bureau to study further the question of a mechanism for peaceful 
settlement of disputes between Member Countries, including proposals made and 
positions expressed at the Summit and to report to the Committee on Methodology. 
We note that this study has yet to be submitted. 
Culture of Peace 
107. We welcome the adoption by the General Assembly of the Declaration and 
Programme of Action on the Culture of Peace. We call upon states, governments, 
organisations and peoples to promote a culture of peace based on respect for 
sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in internal affairs of 
states, the principles of international relations established in the Charter of 
the UN, full realisation of the right to development, democracy, tolerance, 
economic and social development, human rights, elimination of racism, racial 
discrimination, xenophobia, foreign occupation, allowing free flow of 
information, gender mainstreaming, prevention of violence and promotion of 
non-violence for the creation of an environment of peace and for its 
consolidation. 
108. In this context, we welcome again the proclamation of the year 2000 as the 
international year for the culture of peace and invite Member States to adopt 
all necessary measures to commemorate this Year, according to the principles and 
objectives of the Declaration and Program of Action on a Culture of Peace. We 
also welcome the proclamation of the period 2001 to 2010 as the international 
decade for the culture of peace and non-violence for the children of the world. 
CHAPTER II: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION
PALESTINE AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Palestine 
109. We reaffirm the positions taken by the XII Summit in Durban on the Question 
of Palestine and the Situation in the Middle East. We unequivocally support the 
inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including the right to return to 
their homeland and to have their own independent State with Jerusalem as its 
capital, and we reiterate our demand for the withdrawal of Israel, the occupying 
Power, from all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and 
the other Arab territories occupied since 1967. We call for the implementation 
of all United Nations resolutions on the question of Palestine, and reaffirm the 
permanent responsibility of the United Nations towards the question of Palestine 
until it is effectively solved in all its aspects. 
110. We reaffirm the Movement’s position on Occupied East Jerusalem, including 
on illegal Israeli actions aimed at changing the legal status and demographic 
composition of the city, the illegal Israeli settlements and the applicability 
of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 to all the Occupied Palestinian 
Territory, including Jerusalem. We demand that Israel, the occupying Power, 
implement Security Council resolutions in this regard and abide by its legal 
obligations. We welcome the convening of the conference of the High Contracting 
Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention on Measures to Enforce the Convention in 
the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem on 15 July 1999, as 
recommended by the resolutions of the 10th Emergency Special Session of the 
General Assembly. We further welcome the important statement by the Conference, 
which reaffirms the applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention to the 
Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and we reiterate support 
for the reconvening of the Conference should the need arise. We reiterate that 
Israeli representation in the work of the General Assembly must be in conformity 
with international law, thus ensuring that Israeli credentials do not cover the 
territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem. We urge that meetings of 
international organisations shall not be convened in occupied Jerusalem. We 
reaffirm our support for the Bethlehem 2000 Project in the Palestinian city of 
Bethlehem and express confidence that the increased assistance and engagement of 
the international community will ensure the successful commemoration of the 
event. 
Syrian Golan 
111. We reaffirm that all measures and actions taken, or to be taken by Israel, 
the occupying power, such as its illegal decision of 14 December 1981 that 
purports to alter the legal, physical and demographic status of the occupied 
Syrian Golan and its institutional structure, as well as the Israeli measures to 
apply its jurisdiction and administration there, are null and void. We also 
reaffirm that all such measures and actions constitute a flagrant violation of 
international law, international conventions, the Charter and decisions of the 
United Nations, particularly Security Council resolution 497 (1981), the Fourth 
Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 on the protection of civilians in time of 
war, and the defiance of will of the international community. We demand that 
Israel comply with Security Council resolution 497 (1981) and withdraw fully 
from the occupied Syrian Golan, to the lines of 4 June 1967, in implementation 
of Security Council resolutions 242 and 338, and that Israel adheres to the 
Madrid terms of reference based on the principle of land for peace, which are in 
their entirety considered to be a primary and basic element in the negotiation 
process that should be adhered to, including the immediate commencement of the 
demarcation of the 4 June 1967 line. 
112. We reaffirm our unwavering support and solidarity with the Syrian just 
demand and rights to restore the full Syrian sovereignty over the occupied 
Syrian Golan on the basis of the terms of reference of the Madrid peace process, 
the decisions of the international legitimacy, as well as the principle of land 
for peace. We demand that Israel respect all commitments and pledges it entered 
into with the aim of laying down the basis for a substantive progress on the 
Syrian-Israeli track. 
Lebanon 
113. While expressing our deep concern over the continued Israeli aggression 
against Lebanon, and the ensuing illegal detainment of Lebanese nationals, loss 
of civilian lives and extensive destruction of property and infrastructure, we 
call on Israel to withdraw immediately, completely and unconditionally from 
South Lebanon and the Western Bekaa to the internationally recognised boundaries 
in compliance with Security Council resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978) and to 
fully and strictly respect the territorial integrity, sovereignty and political 
independence of Lebanon. We also maintain that any conditions put forward by 
Israel for the implementation of resolution 425 (1978) would alter its legal and 
political structure and are hence unacceptable. 
The Peace Process
114. We reaffirm the need to achieve comprehensive, just and lasting peace in 
the Middle East. We affirm our determination to actively strive towards the 
attainment of this objective. We reiterate our support for the Middle East Peace 
Process based on Security Council resolutions 242, 338 and 425 and the principle 
of land for peace. We further reiterate the need for compliance with and 
implementation of the agreements reached between the Palestine Liberation 
Organisation and Israel as well as the fulfilment of the commitments and pledges 
made in accordance with the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference and the 
ensuing negotiations. We reiterate the need to fully respect and adhere to the 
September 2000 deadline set for the achievement of the final settlement. In this 
context we believe that the United Nations Millennium Summit should serve as an 
additional and natural deadline in which Palestine should participate as a UN 
Member State. We express our grave concern over the current state of affairs in 
the peace process, particularly the recent disruption of this process on the 
Syrian and Lebanese tracks. In this regard, we consider the attempts by the 
Israeli Government to change the terms of reference of the peace process and 
create a new reality on the ground, as well as its failure to give priority to 
the core questions, to be an obstacle on the way of realisation of peace. 
115. In view of the urgency and seriousness of the situation, we request the 
Non-Aligned Movement Countries to increase pressure and use all available 
measures on regional and international level to ensure Israel’s compliance with 
the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference and the principle of land for 
peace and Israel’s full implementation of all agreements, undertakings, and 
commitments reached by the concerned parties on all tracks during the peace 
talks. We also affirm that the failure by the Israeli Government to respond 
positively would require the Non-Aligned Movement Members to take further 
appropriate measures. 
AFRICA 
116. On the situation in Africa, we welcome the establishment of the Open-Ended 
Working Group on the Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and 
Sustainable Development in Africa as called for in the General Assembly 
resolution 53/92. We urge all members, in particular African countries, to 
actively and constructively participate in the activities of the working group. 
We recommend that the General Assembly, the United Nations system, Bretton Woods 
institutions and other appropriate bodies consider the Secretary-General's 
report and follow up on the recommendations contained therein in accordance with 
the priorities of African countries. 
117. We reaffirm the existence of an intrinsic link between peace and 
development, which requires an integrated approach to conflict prevention, 
resolution and management. In this regard we commend the efforts undertaken by 
African countries towards the resolution of incipient and persistent conflicts 
in the continent and call on the United Nations and the international community 
to support these efforts as well as social and economic development. 
Democratic Republic of the Congo
118. We express our deep concern regarding the situation prevailing in the 
Democratic Republic of the Congo. We regret the violations of the Lusaka 
Cease-Fire Agreement by some parties, and we condemn the ensuing generalised 
resumption of fighting. We welcome the Security Council decision to authorise 
expansion of the UN Observer Mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 
(MONUC) and reiterate the importance and validity of the Lusaka Cease-fire 
Agreement of 10 July 1999 as being a fundamental tool in reaching a peaceful 
settlement to the conflict in this country. We urge the UN Security Council to 
speedily deploy the UN Peace-Keeping Force in the Democratic Republic of the 
Congo, and we call on all parties to rapidly implement the process that should 
lead to the orderly withdrawal of foreign troops from the Congo territory and 
promote a solution to the internal problems in this country. We further call 
upon the parties to the conflict to fully co-operate with the facilitator of the 
National Dialogue in a way to ensure success of the National Dialogue, and for 
the international community to provide financial resources into the UN Trust 
Fund to enable the facilitator to complete his task. 
Somalia
119. We note with concern the lack of progress in the resolution of the crisis 
of Somalia. We reiterate the call that all Somali factional leaders co-operate 
in the search of a comprehensive and durable peace in Somalia by adhering to the 
various agreements reached over the past years, in particular the agreements 
concluded at Sodere (Ethiopia), Nairobi and Sanaa. 
120. We welcome the Cairo Accord signed in Cairo by the Somali Factions in 
December 1997, and note the outcome of the Addis Ababa Meeting of the National 
Salvation Council held in January 1998.
121. We reiterate our full support for all efforts made by the international 
community, including regional actors, in particular the countries of IGAD, to 
assist in the resolution of the problem of Somalia. In this context, we stress 
the need for co-ordination of all efforts for peace in Somalia with the regional 
initiative of IGAD. 
122. We welcome the initiative of the President of Djibouti aimed at restoring 
peace and stability in Somalia and we endorse the call for the faction leaders 
to recognise and accept the principle that Somalis are free to democratically 
choose their own regional and national leaders. We call on all states to observe 
and improve the effectiveness of the arms embargo and to refrain from any action 
that might exacerbate the situation in Somalia. 
123. We reiterate our full support for the efforts of the United Nations, the 
OAU, the Arab League, and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference to assist 
in the resolution of the crisis in Somalia. We call upon the United Nations 
Secretary-General to assist in peace efforts in Somalia. 
124. We express serious concern at the spiralling violence and increased 
insecurity arising from the intensification of intra and inter-clan disputes, 
and call upon the Somali faction leaders to make a determined effort to bring an 
end to these intra and inter-clan disputes, which have led to death and 
destruction of property and threaten to undermine humanitarian relief deliveries 
and impede the advancement of the peace and national reconciliation process in 
Somalia. 
125. We appeal to the international community to provide humanitarian, economic 
and reconstruction assistance to the people of Somalia in a well-calibrated 
manner and with the goal of advancing the peace process and strengthening 
constituencies for peace. 
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
126. On the Lockerbie question, we recall the positions of the Movement as 
outlined in the Final Document of the XII Summit held in Durban in September 
1998, and express our satisfaction over the courageous decision of the 
authorities of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to encourage the two Libyan suspects 
to stand trial before the Scottish Court sitting in the Netherlands, and support 
the Jamahiriya’ s demand for adequate guarantees and conditions to ensure a just 
and fair trial for the two suspects. 
127. We take note of the prompt and unanimous response of the Security Council 
to steps taken by Libya to bring this matter to a close. In taking these steps, 
Libya has now fulfilled all its obligations in terms of Security Council 
resolutions 731 (1992), 748 (1992), 883 (1993) and 1192 (1998) as well as the 
requirements of resolution 731 (1992). We therefore urge the Security Council to 
adopt a resolution lifting completely the sanctions against Libya. We support 
the right of Libya for compensation of the damages it suffered as a result of 
the sanctions. We also call for the immediate lifting of all unilateral 
sanctions imposed against Libya outside of the United Nations regime. 
128. We express the view, now that the legal process has gone before the 
Scottish Court as agreed by all parties concerned, that the politicisation, in 
any form and by any party whatever, and making demands before a final judgement 
is pronounced in this legal dispute would be unacceptable. Furthermore, inasmuch 
as the matter is sub-judice, all parties must comply with whatever verdict is 
reached by the Scottish Court convened in the Netherlands. 
Angola
129. We note with satisfaction the recent positive developments in Angola, 
particularly the extension of the government authority and administration 
throughout the country. We take note of the report of the panel of experts of 
the United Nations Security Council on Angola and urge the Security Council to 
adopt the report and pass a resolution on the recommendations contained therein. 
We believe that action by the Security Council provides the legal basis for 
outlawing any type of support that UNITA is receiving and will send a clear sign 
to Mr. Savimbi that he is isolated and the international community can no longer 
tolerate his actions. We welcome the efforts of the Angolan government to take 
the necessary and appropriate measures for the reestablishment of security and 
stability all over the national territory and for the preparation of free and 
fair democratic elections by the year 2001. We appeal to the international 
community to provide urgent humanitarian assistance to the people of Angola, and 
to support the Angolan government efforts in the consolidation of its democratic 
institutions. 
Ethiopia and Eritrea
130. We firmly support the mediation efforts being undertaken by the OAU, and 
its current chairman, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria, and appeal to 
Ethiopia and Eritrea to continue to co-operate fully in the search for a 
peaceful, fair and lasting solution to the dispute. 
Sierra Leone
131. We take note of the important measures adopted by the Government of Sierra 
Leone and by the United Revolutionary Front in order to guarantee the 
application of the Peace Agreement signed in Lomé on 7 July 1999, which provides 
Sierra Leone’s people with the opportunity to put an end, in a definite way, to 
the conflict in that country. We salute the initiatives and actions taken by the 
Heads of State and Government of the ECOWAS aimed at establishing and 
consolidating peace in Sierra Leone. We commend the Military Observer Group of 
the ECOWAS (ECOMOG) and the UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) for 
their outstanding contribution to the achievement of this same objective. At the 
same time, we welcome the creation of the new Mission of the United Nations in 
Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), the agreement which replaces the UNOMSIL, with the 
mandate to co-operate with the Government of Sierra Leone and the other parties 
in order to implement the Peace Agreement. We call on all the parties to fully 
respect the Lomé Accords and the other subsequent accords in order to restore 
peace in Sierra Leone, and to respect the mandate of UNAMSIL as stipulated by 
the Security Council. We instantly invite the international community to 
continue to provide help and assistance to Sierra Leone, with a view to the 
reconstruction of the country. 
Western Sahara 
132. Noting the latest progress in resolving the question of Western Sahara, we 
reiterate the support of the Movement for the efforts of the United Nations to 
organise and supervise an impartial, free and fair referendum in accordance with 
the Settlement Plan, the Houston Agreements and with relevant Security Council 
and United Nations resolutions. 
Chagos Archipelago
133. We reaffirm that Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia, is an integral 
part of the sovereign territory of the Republic of Mauritius. In this regard, we 
call again on the former colonial power to pursue constructive dialogue 
expeditiously with Mauritius for the early return of Chagos Archipelago, 
including Diego Garcia, to the sovereignty of the Republic of Mauritius. 
ASIA
Iraq - Kuwait
134. Regarding the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, we emphasise that all 
Member Countries in the Movement are committed to respect the sovereignty, 
territorial integrity and political independence of both Kuwait and Iraq. We 
also emphasise that the full implementation of all relevant Security Council 
resolutions constitutes the means of establishing peace, security and stability 
in the region. In this respect, we stress the importance of Iraq to its 
completion of implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions. 
135. We stress the need to resolve expeditiously the fate of all 
prisoners/detainees and missing persons of Kuwait and third country nationals by 
means of serious and sincere co-operation with the International Committee of 
the Red Cross to reach a solution of this particular issue and to return the 
properties of the Government of Kuwait including official documents removed from 
national archives seized by Iraq. In this respect, we recall the appointment of 
Mr. Yuliy Vorontsov by the Secretary-General as the High Level Co-ordinator to 
follow-up the release of Kuwaiti and third country prisoners/detainees and the 
return of Kuwaiti property seized by Iraq. 
Iraq
136. We deplore the imposition and continued military enforcement of "No-Fly 
Zones" on Iraq by individual countries without any authorisation from the United 
Nations Security Council or General Assembly. In this respect, we recall the 
statement on the situation in Iraq issued by the Movement of the Non-Aligned 
Countries on 17 December 1998, which was issued as a document of UNGA 
(A/53/762). 
137. We strongly condemn the repeated actions of Turkish armed forces violating 
the territorial integrity of Iraq under the pretext of fighting guerrilla 
elements hiding inside Iraqi territory. These actions of Turkish armed forces 
constitute stark illegal violations of the international boundaries mutually 
recognised between the two countries and a threat to regional and international 
peace and security. We also reject the so-called "hot-pursuit" measures adopted 
by Turkey to justify such actions that are abhorrent to international law and to 
the norms of practice amongst States. 
138. We note with deep concern the continuing deterioration of the humanitarian 
conditions of the Iraqi population due to sanctions. Based upon the principles 
and decisions of the Movement, we urge Member Countries of the Movement to 
deploy their efforts to halt this tragedy and help in lifting the sanctions as 
soon as possible in accordance with relevant Security Council resolutions. 
139. We stress the need to work diligently towards resolving the fate of more 
than 1,150 Iraqi civilians and military personnel who went missing after the 
military actions of 1991, and whose individual files have been submitted to the 
ICRC. We also urge that help be extended to Iraq through UNESCO and the other 
competent bodies for the restoration of all objects of art and antiquity stolen 
or smuggled out of Iraq during past years. 
Korean Peninsula
140. We are deeply concerned over the fact that the Korean Peninsula still 
remains divided in spite of the desires and aspirations of the Korean people for 
reunification, and reaffirm the support to the Korean people to reunify their 
homeland in accordance with the three principles set forth in the North-South 
Joint Statement on 4 July 1972 and through dialogue and negotiations on the 
basis of the Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, and co-operation and 
Exchange between the North and South concluded in February 1992. We consider the 
importance of guaranteeing a durable peace and security in the Korean Peninsula 
for the sake of the common prosperity of the Korean People as well as peace and 
security in North-East Asia and the rest of the world. 
Afghanistan
141. Recalling paragraphs 245–251 of the Final Document adopted by the XII NAM 
Summit at Durban, paragraph 97 of the Final Communiqué of the Meeting of the 
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of NAM held on 23 September 1999, the UNGA 
resolutions 53/203, 54/185, and 54/189, UNSC resolutions 1214 of 8 December 1998 
and 1267 of 15 October 1999, Presidential Statements of the Security Council of 
22 October 1999 and 7 April 2000, the press statements by the President of the 
Security Council on 5 August 1999 and 3 March 2000, and while reiterating our 
commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national 
unity of Afghanistan, we call upon all States concerned to immediately end the 
supply of arms, ammunition, military equipment, training or other military 
support to all parties to the conflict in Afghanistan, including the presence 
and involvement of all foreign military personnel. We express serious concern 
over the military offensives immediately after the Tashkent meeting of "six plus 
two" group and the recent offensives during March 2000, launched by the Taliban, 
in defiance of appeals by the international community, condemn the forceful 
displacement of civilians in Afghanistan as a gross violation of international 
humanitarian law. We are convinced, as the recent developments in the 
battlefield clearly demonstrated, that there is no military solution to the 
Afghan conflict and call upon all Afghan parties to cease immediately all armed 
hostilities, to renounce the use of force and to engage, without preconditions, 
in a genuine and serious political dialogue aimed at achieving a lasting 
political settlement acceptable to all Afghans. We note with concern the report 
of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan. We 
welcome the initiative taken by H.E. President Mohammad Khatami of Iran in his 
capacity as the Chairman of the VIII Islamic Summit in sending a delegation of 
OIC to a number of countries in the region with the purpose of developing, in 
line with the central peace-making role of the United Nations, a comprehensive, 
commonly agreeable plan of action to achieve peace in Afghanistan. We reaffirm 
that the United Nations must continue to play its central and impartial role in 
international efforts towards a peaceful resolution of the Afghan conflict. We 
reaffirm the need for creating a broad based, multi-ethnic and fully 
representative government by the Afghans themselves, which would protect the 
rights of all Afghans and observe the international obligations of Afghanistan. 
We express concern over actions undermining the security of State frontiers. We 
condemn the murder of Iranian diplomats and a journalist in the Consulate 
General of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Mazar-e-Sharif by the Taliban forces 
and note with disappointment the delay by the Taliban to fulfil its obligation, 
investigate, and help to bring those responsible for this tragedy and for the 
killing of UN officials to justice. 
142. We strongly condemn the continuing use of Afghan territory, especially 
areas controlled by the Taliban, for the sheltering and training of terrorists 
and planning of terrorist acts, and reaffirm our conviction that the suppression 
of international terrorism is essential for the maintenance of international 
peace and security. We insist that the Taliban cease the provision of sanctuary 
and training for international terrorists and their organisations, take 
effective measures to ensure that the territory under its control is not used 
for terrorist installations and camps or for the preparation or organisation of 
terrorist acts against other States or their citizens, and co-operate with 
efforts to bring indicted terrorists to justice. 
143. We are deeply disturbed also by a significant increase in the cultivation, 
production and trafficking of drugs in Afghanistan, especially in areas 
controlled by the Taliban, which will contribute to the war-making capabilities 
of the Afghans and will have even more serious international consequences. We 
demand that the Taliban, as well as others, halt all illegal drug activities. We 
call upon Member States, in particular those neighbouring Afghanistan, and all 
others concerned to undertake concerted measures to stop the trafficking of 
illegal drugs from Afghanistan. 
South-East Asia
144. We recognise the important role of the Association of the Southeast Asian 
Nations (ASEAN) in maintaining peace, stability and prosperity in the region and 
in enhancing co-operation in the wider Asia-Pacific region. We also recognise 
the role of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in promoting political security 
dialogue and mutual confidence among its participants. We welcome the progress 
of ASEAN continuing efforts to realise the objective of establishing a Zone of 
Peace, Freedom and Neutrality in Southeast Asia (ZOPFAN) and the convening of 
the first meeting of the Commission of the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free 
Zone Treaty (SEANWFZ) in July 1999. We encourage all nuclear-weapon States to 
extend their support and co-operation to the SEANWFZ Treaty, in July 1999 by 
acceding to its Protocol. We consider the admission of Cambodia in ASEAN in July 
1999 as a significant milestone in ASEAN fulfilment of its vision and making all 
the countries of the Southeast Asian region as part of a single community. We 
welcome the commitment made by the leaders of ASEAN and three countries in the 
North-East Asian region to enhance interaction and establish linkages in order 
to increase opportunities for close co-operation and collaboration with each 
other, thereby strengthening the elements essential for the promotion of peace, 
stability and prosperity in the East Asian region. 
145. We reiterate our call to solve all sovereignty and territorial disputes in 
the South China Sea by peaceful means without resorting to force and/or threat 
to use force, and urge all parties to exercise restraint with a view to creating 
a positive climate for the eventual resolution of all contentious issues. We 
express concern over recent developments that may lead to a deterioration of 
peace and stability in the region. In this context, we express support for the 
principles contained in the 1992 ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, and 
stress the need for the full implementation of such principles by all concerned. 
We express the hope that all concerned would refrain from further actions that 
may undermine peace, stability, trust and confidence in the region, including 
possibly undermining freedom of navigation and aviation in affected areas. We 
urge all claimants to address the issue in various bilateral and multilateral 
fora and in this regard reiterate the significance of promoting all types of 
confidence building measures among all parties. To this end, we recognise the 
positive contribution of the on-going bilateral and multilateral consultations 
among the parties concerned at the intergovernmental level, the extensive 
consultations at the ASEAN-China Dialogue, including the consultations to 
conclude a regional code of conduct in the South China Sea, the regular exchange 
of views in the ARF, and the on-going informal Workshops on Managing Potential 
Conflicts in the South China Sea and encourage their continuance. 
EUROPE
Cyprus 
146. We reaffirm all previous positions and declarations of the NAM on the 
question of Cyprus. The Movement considers the present status quo in Cyprus, 
established through the use of force and sustained by military strength, as 
unacceptable and is deeply concerned over the lack of progress in the search for 
a just and viable solution to this long-lasting question, primarily due to 
Turkish intransigence. Efforts towards finding a just and viable solution to the 
Cyprus problem, based on the implementation of all United Nations resolutions 
and NAM´s decisions on Cyprus, in accordance with the principles and positions 
of the United Nations Charter and the rule of international law, must be 
intensified. The Movement considers any attempt for a change of the basis of the 
inter-communal dialogue held under the mandate of the Secretary-General, as 
unacceptable. In this regard, the Movement welcomes the two recent rounds of 
proximity talks held under UN auspices, following the invitation of the UN 
Secretary-General as called for by the relevant Security Council resolutions. 
The Movement urges both sides to participate in the next round of talks to be 
held in May, in a positive and constructive spirit in order to pave the way for 
a solution to this long overdue problem. 
Security and Co-operation in the Mediterranean
147. On developments in the Mediterranean region, we reiterate our determination 
to intensify the process of dialogue and consultations in the promotion of 
comprehensive and equitable co-operation in the region towards resolving the 
problems existing in the Mediterranean region, in the elimination of the causes 
of tension and the consequent threat to peace and security. Respect for the 
right to self-determination, elimination of foreign occupation and foreign bases 
and fleets, non-interference in the internal affairs and respect for the 
sovereignty of States are prerequisites for the establishment of peace and 
stability in the Mediterranean region. 
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Cuba
148. We call upon the Government of the United States of America to put an end 
to the economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba which, in 
addition to being unilateral and contrary to the UN Charter and International 
Law, and to the principle of neighbourliness, cause huge material losses and 
economic damage to the people of Cuba. We request once again strict compliance 
with the resolutions 47/19, 48/16, 49/9, 50/10, 51/17, 52/10, 53/4, 54/21 of the 
United Nations General Assembly. We express deep concern over the widening of 
the extra-territorial nature of the embargo against Cuba and over continuous new 
legislative measure geared to intensifying it. We also urge the US Government to 
return the territory now occupied by the Guantanamo Naval Base to Cuban 
sovereignty and to put an end to aggressive radio and TV transmission against 
Cuba. 
Ecuador and Peru 
149. We welcome the significant progress accomplished by the Governments of Peru 
and Ecuador in the implementation of the peace agreements signed in Brasilia, 
and call upon the international community to continue to participate actively in 
the financing of projects being implemented by both countries, for the 
development of their border regions. Within the same context, we also welcome 
the recent signing of bilateral agreements by countries of the region, which 
constitute a matter of significant relevance within the current context of 
integration and trust among the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean. 
These agreements contribute in a meaningful way towards the strengthening of the 
rule of international law and the consolidation of a regional political scenario 
of peace, friendship, co-operation and development. 
Panama
150. We take note with satisfaction that the transfer of the Panama Canal from 
the United States of America to Panama, as provided in the Panama Canal Treaty, 
was completed in December 1999. We express our appreciation for the Panamanian 
people for this historic achievement. We also note with satisfaction the 
measures by the Government of Panama for the purpose of continuing to guarantee 
the efficient functioning of the Canal and its uninterrupted use by ships of all 
nations. We recognise the importance of the peaceful and secure use of the Canal 
to world commerce and navigation, and in that context, we underline the 
importance of its policy of neutrality.
Belize-Guatemala
151. We recall that the Movement has closely followed the development in the 
Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute and the Movement’s consistent expressions 
of support to Belize in this regard. We are mindful of the fundamental 
principles of the Movement, which uphold respect for the independence, 
sovereignty and territorial integrity of States. Aware of the resumption of 
bilateral talks on this issue, we call on both parties to continue the process 
of dialogue aimed at the early and peaceful resolution of their differences, in 
accordance with the principles of international law. 
Guyana and Venezuela
152. We take note of the firm commitment of Guyana and Venezuela to peacefully 
resolve the controversy, which exists between them. In this regard, we fully 
support the parties in their decision to continue to avail themselves of the 
good offices of the United Nations Secretary-General and his Special 
Representative in order to reach a final settlement as called for by the Geneva 
Agreement of 1966. We welcome the initiative undertaken by the two countries to 
enhance functional co-operation by the establishment in March 1999 of a 
High-Level Bilateral Commission. 
CHAPTER III: ECONOMIC ISSUES
Globalisation and interdependence 
153. The emerging global economy continues to be characterised by rapid growth 
in flows of trade, finance, information and technology, which has led to 
increased interdependence among countries. Countries interact with the global 
economy from vastly different levels of development and, accordingly, the impact 
of globalisation and liberalisation is highly uneven. While the current trend 
has lead to increasing economic opportunity for some developing economies, it is 
evident that a large number of member countries of the Non-Aligned Movement, 
particularly in Africa, continue to be marginalised and thus unable to fully 
share the benefits of these processes. We are deeply concerned that most 
developing countries continue to face problems of access to markets, capital and 
technology and many grapple with the structural transformation necessary for 
practical and meaningful integration into the world economy. Since the ability 
to exploit new opportunities depends on the economic, technological trade, 
industrial and institutional capacities to enter the global markets, 
globalisation deepens the technological, financial and productive gap between 
the developed and developing countries. Hence, we strongly believe that the 
central focus of international development efforts should be in the creation of 
an enabling international environment where developing countries will be able to 
acquire the requisite capacities to successfully compete and fully benefit from 
globalisation. 
154. We welcome the adoption of UNGA resolution 54/231 on Globalisation and 
Interdependence which reaffirms the central role that the United Nations has to 
play in promoting international co-operation for development in the context of 
globalisation and interdependence, and strongly stress the need for a better and 
more effective collaboration between the UN, the Bretton Woods Institutions and 
the World Trade Organisation, to promote co-ordination on economic, financial, 
technological trade and development issues at the global level to help 
developing countries benefit from this economic atmosphere. We emphasise that 
the international trade and financial institutions must take full account of the 
decisions by the UN and to ensure that their policies do not run counter to 
developmental objectives of NAM and other developing countries. 
155. We reaffirm the need to establish an open, rule-based, accountable, 
predictable, just, equitable, comprehensive, development oriented and 
non-discriminatory global system of economic relations, especially at a time 
when developing countries are actively engaged in the process of liberalisation 
and integration into the global economy. We further stress that the process of 
globalisation and any multilateral negotiations on agriculture must take fully 
into account concerns and special needs, including those related to food 
security and rural employment, of developing countries, which are large 
predominantly agrarian economies. 
156. We are deeply concerned over the fact that developing countries are 
shouldering a disproportionate share of the adjustment burden, taking into 
consideration the rapid changes and transformations of the world economy. We are 
equally concerned that the gap between rich and poor countries continues to 
widen. There is also a need for equity in international economic relations to 
reverse the growing disparities between rich and poor, both among and within 
countries through inter alia, the eradication of poverty, expansion of 
productive employment and enhancement of social integration. 
157. Noting the interdependence of nations and the varying levels of human 
development world-wide, we stress the need for a New Global Human Order aimed at 
reversing the growing disparities between rich and poor, both among and within 
countries through the alleviation of poverty, the expansion of productive 
employment and the promotion of social integration. 
158. The empirical record shows, among others, that the income gap between 
developed and developing countries has widened. Even those countries, which seem 
to have well to globalisation were most seriously affected by the Asian 
financial crises. It is clear that there is no automatic process by which income 
levels of developing countries will converge to those of developed nations. The 
challenge before the international community is to ensure that globalisation 
should take into account the development dimension. 
159. We note that growth in some developing countries is contributing 
significantly to the locomotive forces of world economic growth and thus the 
process of global integration of developing countries is paying dividends to the 
industrialised countries as well. However, we regret that the voice of 
developing countries in decision-making still does not realistically reflect 
their emergence as important actors in the world economy. We therefore urge 
developed countries to give this cumulative contribution and role meaningful and 
commensurate recognition. The participation of developing countries in global 
economic decision-making, particularly in the international financial 
institutions, as well as in trade and other economic areas, should thus be 
enhanced. We reaffirm the need for such democratisation and transparency in 
international economic and financial decision-making in all fora and at all 
levels, with the full participation of developing countries so as to ensure that 
their development interests would be finally taken into account. Beginning of a 
new century represents an opportunity to establish a process which will focus on 
reforming international decision-making and mechanisms on monetary, financial 
and trade issues, in order to make them more responsive to the needs of 
developing countries. NAM will look forward to that process and proposals to 
that end should be developed and studied. In this regard, we underline the need 
for the development of proposals by Members of the Movement. 
160. We note the global trends in mergers and acquisitions of transnational 
companies, and are concerned they could lead to a situation of oligopolies, 
which may also end up as monopolies, with adverse implications for global 
producers and consumers, including its adverse impact on developing countries, 
local industries and companies. 
Revitalising International Co-operation for Development
161. The reactivation and strengthening of international co-operation for 
development is necessary in order to facilitate an increased participation by 
developing countries in the world economy on terms, which are beneficial to them 
and promote their developmental efforts. In this context, we call for a renewed 
emphasis on technical assistance in the development co-operation programmes of 
the UN system, including specialised international agencies. There is also a 
need for more effective and enhanced participation in the world economy by 
developing countries, notably in the international and economic decisions and 
rule-making. In this regard, the accession of developing countries applying for 
membership to the WTO should be facilitated without linking it to any political 
and/or economic considerations with a view to ensuring WTO’ s universality as 
well as its non-discriminatory character. We reaffirm the need for developing 
countries to have result-oriented consultations among themselves to promote more 
effective participation in WTO. 
162. We emphasise that the achievement of the objectives of poverty eradication, 
economic and social progress, sustained economic growth and sustainable 
development depends on a more favourable and dynamic international economic 
environment and revitalised international development co-operation supportive of 
developing countries' efforts. While subscribing to the values of environmental 
protection, labour standards, intellectual property protection, sound 
macro-economic management and promotion and protection of all human rights, we 
totally reject all attempts to use these issues as conditionalities and pretexts 
for restricting market access or aid and technology flows to developing 
countries or linking them to the multilateral trade negotiations. 
163. We express concern at the continuing decline in the availability of core 
resources to UN funds and programmes, especially UNDP and UNFPA, and underline 
that in the area of development assistance provision of new and additional 
financial resources provided by developed countries taking into account the 
needs and priorities of the developing countries, without any conditionality and 
fully respecting the fundamental characteristics of the UN operational 
activities, is an imperative. 
164. We are concerned over the evident lack of political will on the part of 
developed countries to revitalise international co-operation for development. We 
are convinced that ODA continues to constitute an important source of financial 
flows for many developing countries, particularly LDCs. In this context, we are 
deeply concerned over the continued decline of the official development 
assistance and call on the developed countries to ensure the fulfilment of their 
commitment to meet the United Nations target of 0.7% of their GNP as official 
development assistance for all the developing countries latest by the end of the 
first decade of the twenty first century, as well as to meet the UN target of 
0.15% of their GNP to LDCs as soon as possible. 
165. We also emphasise the importance of dialogue on strengthening international 
co-operation for development through partnership based on the mutuality of 
interests and benefits, common but differentiated responsibilities and genuine 
interdependence. We strongly believe that the dialogue should serve as a useful 
forum to discuss emerging global issues to strengthen international co-operation 
for development through genuine partnership. We underscore the need for active 
participation of the members of the Movement in the process leading to the next 
dialogue to be held in the year 2001 which theme will be "Responding to the 
challenges of globalisation: facilitating the integration of developing 
countries into the world economy in the twenty-first century" according with GA 
resolution 54/213. 
166. We recognise the right of all States to determine freely their own 
political, economic and social system. We condemn the continued application by 
certain countries of extra-territorial measures and legislation, and their 
imposition of unilateral coercive economic measures against certain developing 
countries, and reaffirm that no state may use or encourage the use of economic, 
political or any other type of measures to coerce another state, including 
thorough non-extension of MFN status. We call on all states not to recognise the 
unilateral, extra-territorial laws enacted by certain countries which impose 
sanctions on companies and individuals belonging to other countries, since these 
measures and legislation threaten the sovereignty of states, adversely affect 
their social and economic development, marginalize developing countries from the 
process of globalisation, and are contrary to international law, the principles 
and purposes of UN Charter, the norms and principles governing peaceful 
relations among states, and agreed principles of the multilateral trading 
system. 
167. We underline the need for strong political commitment by the international 
community for the successful implementation of the Agenda for Development. There 
is also a need to mobilise sufficient resources for its implementation so that 
it can contribute effectively to promote sustained economic growth in the 
developing countries and to remove existing imbalances in the world economy. We 
urge the UNGA to undertake through appropriate mechanisms the follow-up and 
assessment of the implementation of the Agenda for Development. 
168. We are concerned over the lack of implementation of the outcomes of the 
major United Nations conferences and summits, due mainly to the failure of the 
developed countries to fulfil their commitments for new and additional 
resources, the transfer of knowledge and technology to developing countries as 
well as enhanced access to the markets of the developed countries. We call upon 
countries implement their commitments undertaken and to make tangible progress 
towards the achievement of the targets, goals and objectives set by the UN 
conferences and summits. 
169. The contribution of transnational corporations –TNC- to the sustained 
economic growth and sustainable development is determined by their global 
strategies characterised by the search of increased competitiveness and 
ever-higher profits. Such a situation is not necessarily consistent with job 
creation and the realisation of development objectives in many developing 
countries. Hence, we invite the relevant international institutions to address 
this dilemma with a view to reaching the right balance between both objectives. 
In this context, we request UNCTAD and ILO, with in their respective mandates, 
to study the merger trend among the TNCs and its impact on unemployment as well 
as its competitiveness impact on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in 
developing countries. We emphasise the need for the integration of the 
development objectives of the host countries in the business strategies of TNCs. 

International Trade 
170. We welcome the adoption of the UNCTAD Plan of Action during its Tenth 
session held in Bangkok, Thailand on 12-19 February 2000. In this regard, we 
reiterate the important role that UNCTAD has to play in helping developing 
countries to integrate into the world economy through analysis, consensus 
building and technical co-operation in areas of special interest such as 
investment, enterprise development and technology, trade in goods and services, 
in particular commodities, and services infrastructure for development and trade 
efficiency. 
171. We urge UNCTAD to work towards the effective implementation of the Plan of 
Action and call upon UNCTAD and other international organisations to co-operate 
and work closely to achieve all the objectives contained in the Plan of Action.
172. The failure of the Third Ministerial Conference of the WTO held in Seattle, 
USA, on 30 November to 3 December 1999 is a clear signal that transparency in 
negotiations and the effective participation, particularly of developing 
countries, is an essential pre-requisite for any successful outcome. It is also 
a clear signal that much more work is needed to uphold and strengthen an open, 
rule-based, equitable, secure, non-discriminatory, transparent and predictable 
multilateral trade system, as also to review and assess the implementation of 
existing agreements. In this regard, we believe that future negotiations on 
international trade should: 
  Facilitate the integration of developing countries particularly small 
  economies and Least Developed Countries into the trading system and provide 
  assistance in capacity building to developing countries. 
  Ensure urgent implementation of Uruguay Round Agreements, especially in areas 
  of export interest to developing countries, including the agricultural, 
  textile and clothing sectors, and decisions taken in favour of LDC’s, as 
  provided for in the Marrakesh Ministerial Declaration. 
  Ensure preservation, for a transitional period of existing preferential trade 
  arrangements with developed countries from which a significant number of 
  developing and least developed countries benefit. 
  Ensure that the preferences granted by developed countries under their GSP 
  schemes will be based on the principles of non-discrimination and 
  non-reciprocity and be continually expanded to cover products that correspond 
  to the actual and potential export supply capabilities of developing 
  countries. 
  Ensure flexibility for developing countries to implement measures to enhance 
  export and productive capacity. 
  Ensure that ongoing negotiations on trade and services provided the most 
  sustainable and effective conditions for these service sectors where 
  developing countries have comparative advantages. In this respect the key 
  issue of movement of natural persons should be addressed adequately. 
173. We emphasise that the imbalance and asymmetries that have been apparent in 
the course of implementation of the WTO Agreements be urgently addressed. These 
include the lack of full and faithful implementation of existing obligations by 
developed countries in the area of textiles and agriculture, lack of market 
access for products of special interest to developing countries, non-realisation 
of the provisions for special and differential treatment, and the curtailment of 
developing countries' ability to pursue policy instruments that promote 
development. Further negotiations must ensure that these implementation issues 
are addressed and that the negotiations result in equitable benefits for all 
countries. There should also be an extension in the implementation periods of 
certain Agreements where the developing countries face particular problems, 
especially the TRIPS and the TRIMS Agreements. 
174. We are seriously concerned over the disturbing tendencies of developed 
countries to link further liberalisation in already agreed areas with 
concessions from developing countries to liberalise areas of interest to them. 
We are also concerned that trading opportunities for developing countries were 
neutralised by the use of protectionist measures by the developed countries, 
such as misuse of antidumping and other provisions including those taken 
unilaterally and in the guise of technical standards, environmental, social and 
environmental or human rights related concerns. We unequivocally reaffirm that 
non-trade issues, such as social and environmental issues, should not be 
introduced in the agenda of the WTO. 
175. We reiterate that low wages and environmental standards in developing 
countries are not responsible for the loss of jobs in developed countries, which 
should address their unemployment through the implementation of appropriate 
macro-economic and structural policies. 
176. We reaffirm that the ILO is the only international body competent to set 
and deal with labour standards. We also reiterate that there is no linkage 
between trade and labour standards and reject all attempts to establish such a 
linkage as well as the use of labour standards as a pretext for unilateral 
action in the field of trade. While we remain committed to promoting all 
relevant labour standards, we firmly reject its use for political or 
protectionist purposes. 
177. Recognising that trade, investment and technology continue to be the key 
elements for economic development, we also call for further liberalisation and 
increased access for the products and services where developing countries have a 
comparative advantage including movement of natural persons, and access to 
transfer of technology on preferential and concessional terms. In this regard, 
we welcome the adoption of GA resolution 54/198 on Trade and Development, which 
emphasises all these important issues. We call for the urgent operationalisation 
and full implementation of the provisions of special and differential treatment 
in favour of developing countries and their further strengthening. We invite 
UNCTAD to continue its substantive work in this area and elaborate on issues of 
importance to developing countries. 
178. We welcome the conclusions of negotiations in February 2000 of a New 
Partnership Agreement between ACP and EU and we have noted that both parties 
have submitted a request for a WTO waiver for a period of 8 years to enable the 
EU to continue to provide trade preferences to the ACP. We reaffirm our support 
to the WTO waiver in order to allow the continuation of preferential trade 
arrangements during the 8 years preparatory period. 
179. In the spirit of fostering North-South relations we underline the necessity 
for developed countries to eliminate laws and regulations with adverse 
extra-territorial effects and other forms of unilateral economic coercive 
measures, inconsistent with the principles of international laws, UN Charter and 
the principles of the multilateral trading systems. 
Financial, Investment and Monetary Issues 
180. We welcome the adoption of UNGA resolution 54/196 that decided to convene 
in 2001 a high level intergovernmental event on financing for development. The 
intergovernmental event should address the international and systemic issues 
regarding financing for development in a holistic manner. We believe that this 
event will offer a good opportunity for developing countries to discuss with the 
different financial institutions and developed countries what our development 
needs really are and how do we want them to help us solve them. We recognise the 
need to hold the Conference at the highest level in order to ensure greater 
political commitment to financing of development. We also recognise the 
importance of an early decision on the venue and timing of the meeting in 
ensuring high-level participation and in this regard underline the need for 
further efforts to facilitate the decision. We appreciate the decision of the 
World Bank to actively participate in the preparatory process and encourage the 
International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation to do the same. We 
welcome the decision of all relevant stakeholders, including the private sector 
to actively participate in the preparatory process. 
181. In the wake of recent financial and economic crises adversely affecting a 
number of developing countries, we again underline the need for specific 
regulatory framework for the financial and exchange markets against 
international speculative activities. Whilst reiterating the call for an 
increase in FDI into developing countries, it is essential to ensure the 
transparency of the capital flows of private sectors with a view to 
strengthening the early warning system and improving crisis management to 
mitigate the possible adverse impact of such financial crises in the future. The 
international financial system should create and enhance mechanisms, including 
surveillance mechanisms, technical assistance and adequate information 
facilities, so as to prevent such crises and neutralise their adverse impact and 
recommend ways to discourage speculative capital flows. We call upon the 
developed countries to increase their financial contribution to the 
international financial institutions and to approve the increase in SDRs in the 
IMF, in order to improve the international liquidity and to enhance their 
ability to respond to crisis. The increasing level of private and 
non-transparent international financial flows calls for the reform of the 
international financial architecture, which will lead to a truly democratic and 
fair international financial system that will ensure the effective and full 
participation of the developing countries in the management of the international 
economy.
182. We reiterate the need for a stable, adequately financed international 
financial system that allows our economi